ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of eptazocine hydrobromide on emergence agitation (EA) of patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery at recovery period. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with ASA I or II,scheduled to undergo video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery vats under general anesthesia, were randomly allocated to three groups(n = 40): eptazocine hydrobromide injection group (group E) , dezocine injection group (group D) and sodium chloride injection group (group NS) . Eptazocine hydrobromide injection 0. 3 mg· kg-1, dezocine injection 0. 1 mg· kg-1 and sodium chloride injectionin equal volume were administrated to group E, group D and group NS, respectively, 15 min before the termination of surgery. The operation time,awakening time,extubation time and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) staying time of all patients were recorded. Riker sedation-agitation scores, MAP and HR were documented at the time of awakening (t0) and 10 min (t1) ,20 min (t2) and 30 min (t3) after awakening,and the incidence of EA was also recorded. Results There were no significant differences in operation time,awakening time, extubation time, PACU staying time among three groups(P>0.05) . Compared with the group NS,the riker sedation-agitation scores and MAP in group E and D at t0– t3 were lower, as well as the incidence of EA. HR of group E was lower at t1– t3,while HR of group D was lower at t2 and t3(P<0.05) . Compared with group D,riker sedation-agitation scores and MAPs in group E were lower at t1 and t2, while HR was lower at t2(P<0.05) . However, there was no difference in incidence of EA between group D and group E (P>0.05) . Conclusion Administration 0.3 mg· kg-1 eptazocine hydrobromide,15 min before the termination of surgery, could effectively reduce the incidence of EA in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after general anesthesia. Simultaneously, awakening time, extubation time and PACU staying time could not prolonged.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative analgesia of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty adult patients, American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled to ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy, were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases in each one. The patients in the observation group were treated with TEAS for postoperative analgesia. TEAS was implemented at bilateral Shenshu (BL 23) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) at the time of back ward and postoperative 4 h, 8 h, 12 h. TEAS at 7:00, 11:00 and 15:00 at the above acupoints were used on the second and third days; while placebo (twice a day, 100 mg a time) was used. Tramadol hydrochloride tablets for postoperative analgesia were applied in the contnol group, twice a day, 100 mg a time, and electrode sheets without stimulation were put on Shenshu (BL 23) and Yinlingquan (SP 9). When analgesia was insufficient with the score of visual analogue scale (VAS)≥3, the patients were treated with tramadol tablets for remedy analgesia. The VAS score, the concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and substance P (SP) in 3 mL venous blood at the time of back ward (T), postoperative 4 h (T), 12 h (T), 24 h (T), and 48 h (T) were detected respectively. The total amount of medication for remedy analgesia and the incidence of adverse reactions, such as nausea and vomiting within postoperative 48 h were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The VAS scores at T through T were lower than those at T in the two groups (all <0.05). Compared with the control group, the VAS scores at T through T in the observation group were lower (all <0.05). The total dose of remedy analgesic medicine within 48 h after operation in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of 5-HT at T, T, T and SP at T through T were lower (all <0.05). The numbers of constipation, nausea and vomiting in the observation group were less than those in the control group (both <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TEAS can relieve the pain and reduce the total amount of analgesic medicine, the levels of substance causing pain and the incidence of adverse reactions after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy.</p>
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Early use of statins after onset of acute ischemic stroke can improve the functional prognosis of patients and reduce in-hospital mortality.This article reviews the preclinical and clinical trials of statins for the treatment of ischemic stroke.